Are bilingualism effects on the L1 byproducts of implicit knowledge? Evidence from two experimental tasks

Ricardo Augusto de Souza, Cândido Samuel Fonseca de Oliveira

Abstract


Abstract: Experimental studies in Linguistics rely on data from human participants performing language tasks. Therefore, understanding the constructs that such tasks tap into is fundamental for the interpretation of results yielded by experimental work. In the present study we address issues brought out by a previously published study based on a timed grammaticality judgment tasks that fails to replicate reported evidence of cross-linguistic interaction effects in bilingual processing of argument structure constructions that are not part of the bilinguals’ L1 construction repertoire. Although the timed grammaticality judgment task has been argued to be a valid measure of implicit linguistic knowledge, we review recent psychometric studies that challenge this assumption by showing that this task either does not tap into implicit knowledge at all, or does not tap into it as completely as online processing psycholinguistic tasks do. In the present study, we conducted two experiments with the same pool of subjects. One of the experiments employed an online processing task, and the other employed a timed grammaticality judgment task. In our tasks, sentences in Brazilian Portuguese that emulated the linguistic behavior of the English resultative construction were the target items. We report results that show a mismatch in the observations yielded by the two task types, with only the online processing task revealing apparent L2 effects on performance in the L1. We interpret our results by suggesting that the locus of cross-linguistic interactions in bilingual language processing is mostly related to implicit processes.

Keywords: implicit knowledge; cross-linguistic influences; psycholinguistic tasks; bilingualism; resultative construction.

Resumo: Estudos experimentais em Linguística apoiam-se em dados oriundos de desempenho de participantes em tarefas linguísticas. Portanto, a compreensão dos construtos abordados por tais tarefas é fundamental para a interpretação dos resultados gerados pelo trabalho experimental. Neste estudo, explora-se questões trazidas por um estudo previamente publicado baseado em uma tarefa de julgamento de gramaticalidade temporizada que não replicou evidências anteriormente relatadas acerca de efeitos de interações translinguísticas no processamento bilíngue de construções de estrutura argumental que não fazem parte do repertório construcional da L1 dos bilíngues. Apesar da tarefa de julgamento de gramaticalidade temporizada ter sido defendida como uma medida válida de conhecimento linguístico implícito, resenha-se estudos psicométricos recentes que põem este pressuposto em dúvida, ao mostrar que tal tarefa ou não captura conhecimento implícito, ou não o captura tão completamente quanto o fazem tarefas psicolinguísticas de processamento online. Neste estudo, conduz-se dois experimentos com a mesma amostra de sujeitos. Um dos experimentos empregou uma tarefa de processamento online, e o outro empregou uma tarefa de julgamento de gramaticalidade temporizada. Nessas tarefas, sentenças em português do Brasil que emulavam o comportamento linguístico da construção resultativa do inglês constituíram os itens alvo. Relata-se resultados que mostram a discrepância de observações geradas pelos dois tipos de tarefa, com somente a tarefa de processamento online revelando os aparentes efeitos da L2 sobre o desempenho linguístico da L1. Interpreta-se os resultados como sugestivos de que o local das interações translinguísticas de bilíngues é majoritariamente nos processos implícitos.

Palavras-chave: conhecimento implícito; influências translinguísticas; tarefas psicolinguísticas; bilinguismo; construção resultativa.


Keywords


implicit knowledge; cross-linguistic influences; psycholinguistic tasks; bilingualism; resultative construction.

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/2237-2083.25.3.1685-1716

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